Security Beyond the State : Différence entre versions

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* Type: [[Livre]]
 
* Type: [[Livre]]
 
* Discipline: [[Relations internationales]]
 
* Discipline: [[Relations internationales]]
* Thèmes: [Hybridation public-privé]
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* Thèmes: [[Hybridation public-privé]]
  
 
==Résumé==
 
==Résumé==

Version du 25 mars 2015 à 19:27

Référence

Rita Abrahamsen et Michael C. Williams, 2011, Security Beyond the State, Cambridge University Press, volume, numéro, pages. Web

Catégorisation

Résumé

Across the globe, from mega-cities to isolated resource enclaves, the provision and governance of security takes place within assemblages that are de-territorialized in terms of actors, technologies, norms and discourses. They are embedded in a complex transnational architecture, defying conventional distinctions between public and private, global and local. Drawing on theories of globalization and late modernity, along with insights from criminology, political science and sociology, Security Beyond the State maps the emergence of the global private security sector and develops a novel analytical framework for understanding these global security assemblages. Through in-depth examinations of four African countries – Kenya, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and South Africa – it demonstrates how global security assemblages affect the distribution of social power, the dynamics of state stability, and the operations of the international political economy, with significant implications for who gets secured and how in a global era.

Introduction

  • Private security is quickly becoming a central and pervasive part of everyday life, across the globe. It shows the need to move security studies beyond analysis of the state.
  • Privatization does not come to undermine the power of the state and its monopoly of violence :
    • "Rather than private security eroding the power of the state, or threatening its power and authority, its proliferation is linked to changes inside the state, and its power stems not primarily from the barrel of the gun but from its links to public forms of power and authority. These transformations have led to the emergence of what we call global security assemblages' new security structures and practices that are simultaneously public and private, global and local" (p. 3).

    • Private security necessarily leads to abuses, lack of accountability, etc. But it is enmeshed in broader political processes.
    • One starting point to analyze it is the "historically constitued division between the public and the private": traditionally, citizens are protected by public officiers. This public-private distinction is historically constituted seemingly fixed categories, embedded in the most powerful institutional and conceptual expressions of modern sovereignty. They are used to affirm or challenge relations of power. This leads to a set of methodological processes:
    • "Sociologically, we need to capture not only the historical relationship between public and private force, but also the new social forces and rearticulations of the public and private that are part of the striking resurgence of private security" (p. 8)
    • "Theoretically, we need to explore how specific articulations of the public-private-security relationship are constitutive features of modern liberal politics and the international system, and how they too are being influenced, challenged and rearticulated through contemporary processes of security privatization".
  • The authors appeal to Bourdieu's take on Weber, seeing the state as a field of power, where the holders of capital of different species struggle for power over the state. This view can make private security a capital nholder in that field, overcomoing the somewhat simplistic public-private distinction.And indeed, private policing for the state has been common in Europe until the late 19th century. True also in the US. Private forces were central in colonization and global power structures.
    • The significance and impact of security can only be understood by moving beyond the public-private distinction, with the recognition of how these distinctions are being reconfigured into networks and practices indicative of new relations of power.
    • New perspectives and methodologies are needed to capture the reconfigured security field witin global seucrity assemblages.
    • Need to break with state-centirc approach, especially in the neo-liberal ideological framework.


Divers