Data Protection: JURI Opinion

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Révision datée du 5 avril 2013 à 13:55 par Arthur (discussion | contributions) (Legitimate interest)
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JURI is the European Parliament committee on Legal Affairs issues.

On 25 April 2013, it issued an opinion on the Proposal for a Data Protection Regulation aimed to assist LIBE committee in the drafting of its own report.

You can find a detailed list of its members on Memopol or visit its official website.


Its opinion proposes many amendments which would severely weaken personal data protection. This page lists and analyses the most dangerous of them.


Top amendments to reject and to support

Pseudonymous data

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Amendment 36

Article 4 - Definitions
  • (3a) 'pseudonymous data' means any personal data that has been collected, altered or otherwise processed so that it of itself cannot be attributed to a data subject without the use of additional data which is subject to separate and distinct technical and organisational controls to ensure such non attribution;

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Supervisory authority

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Amendment 41

Article 4 - Definitions
  • (19a) 'competent supervisory authority' means a supervisory authority with exclusive competence to supervise the processing activities of the controller or processor in accordance with Article 51(2);

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Legitimate interest

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Amendment 47

Article 6 - Lawfulness of processing
  • 1. Processing of personal data shall be lawful only if and to the extent that at least one of the following applies:
    • (a) the data subject has given consent to the processing of their personal data for one or more specific purposes;
    • ...
    • (f) processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by a controller or by a third party or third parties to whom the data are communicated, except where such interests are overridden by the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject which require protection of personal data, in particular where the data subject is a child. This shall not apply to processing carried out by public authorities in the performance of their tasks.

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Amendment 48

Article 6 - Lawfulness of processing
  • 1. Processing of personal data shall be lawful only if and to the extent that at least one of the following applies:
    • (a) the data subject has given consent to the processing of their personal data for one or more specific purposes;
    • ...
    • (fa) processing is necessary for fraud detection and prevention purposes according to applicable financial regulation or established industry, or professional body, codes of practice.

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Purpose limitation

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Amendment 49

Article 6 - Lawfulness of processing
  • 4. Where the purpose of further processing is not compatible with the one for which the personal data have been collected, the processing must have a legal basis at least in one of the grounds referred to in points (a) to (e) (f) of paragraph 1. This shall in particular apply to any change of terms and general conditions of a contract.

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Child protection

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Amendment 55

Article 8 - Processing of personal data of a child
  • 1. For the purposes of this Regulation, in relation to the offering of information society services directly to a child, the processing of personal data of a child below the age of 13 years shall only be lawful if and to the extent would normally require that consent is given or authorised by the child's parent or custodian legal representative. The appropriate form for obtaining consent should be based on any risk posed to the child by the amount of data, its type and the nature of the processing. The controller shall make reasonable efforts to obtain verifiable consent, taking into consideration available technology. The methods to obtain verifiable consent shall not lead to the further processing of personal data which would otherwise not be necessary.

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Data subject's rights

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Amendment 64

Article 12 - Procedures and mechanisms for exercising the rights of the data subject
  • 4. The information and the actions taken on requests referred to in paragraph 1 shall be free of charge. Where requests are manifestly excessive, in particular because of owing to their high volume, complexity or their repetitive character, the controller may charge a an appropriate, not for profit, fee for providing the information or taking the action requested, or the controller may not decline to take the action requested. In that case, the controller shall bear the burden of proving the manifestly excessive character of the request.

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Data portability (?)

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Amendment 78

Article 15 - Right of access for the data subject
  • 2. The data subject shall have the right to obtain from the controller communication of the personal data undergoing processing . Where the data subject makes the request in electronic form, the information shall be provided in electronic form, unless otherwise requested by the data subject. and, on electronic request, an electronic copy of the non-commercial data undergoing processing in an interoperable and structured format which allows for further use. The controller shall verify the identity of a data subject requesting access to data within the limits of Articles 5 to 10 of this Regulation.

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Right to be forgotten

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Amendment 79

Article 17 - Right to be forgotten and to erasure
  • 1a. Credit institutions that retain data for the following grounds shall be exempt from the requirements of this Article:
    • - risk management purposes;
    • - fulfilment of EU and international supervisory and compliance requirements;
    • - market abuse purposes.

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Why only credit institution should enjoy this exception? > Lobby

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Amendment 81

Article 17 - Right to be forgotten and to erasure
    • (a) for exercising the right of freedom of expression in accordance with Article 80 or when providing an information society service to facilitate the accessing of such expression;

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Profiling

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Amendment 86

Article 20 - Measures based on profiling
  • 1. Every natural person data subject shall have the right not to be subject to a measure which decision that' produces adverse legal effects concerning this natural person or significantly adversely affects this natural person data subject, and which is based solely or predominantly on automated processing intended to evaluate certain personal aspects relating to this natural person data subject or to analyse or predict in particular the natural person's performance at work, economic situation, location, health, personal preferences, reliability or behaviour .

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Justification: It is important to consider that some profiling activities have considerable benefits for consumers and can be a good basis for good customer service. The wide definition of profiling does not differentiate routine data processing activities that are positive in nature with more negative profiling. Positive profiling is often used to tailor services to consumers by recording their needs and preferences.


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Amendment 87

Article 20 - Measures based on profiling
  • 2. Subject to the other provisions of this Regulation, a person data subject may be subjected subject to a decision of the kind referred to in paragraph 1 if the processing:
    • (a) is carried out in the course of the entering into, or performance of, a contract, where the request for the entering into or the performance of the contract, lodged by the data subject, has been satisfied or where suitable measures to safeguard the data subject's legitimate interests have been adduced, such as the right to obtain human intervention; or
    • (b) is expressly authorized by a Union or Member State law which also lays down suitable measures to safeguard the data subject's legitimate interests; or
    • (c) is based on the data subject's consent, subject to the conditions laid down in Article 7 and to suitable safeguards.
    • (a) is authorized by a Union or Member State law which also lays down suitable measures to safeguard the data subject's legitimate interests; or
    • (b) is lawful pursuant to points (a) to (fa) of Article 6(1) of this Regulation;
  • With due regard to Article 9, paragraph 2, profiling shall not have the effect of discriminating against individuals on the basis, for instance, of race or ethnic origin, religion or sexual orientation.

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Data breach

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Amendment 111

Article 31 - Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority
  • 1. In the case of a personal data breach which has a considerable effect on the data subject, , the controller shall, without undue delay and, where feasible, not later than 24 hours after having become aware of it, notify the personal data breach to the supervisory authority. The notification to the supervisory authority shall be accompanied by a reasoned justification in cases where it is not made within 24 hours.

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Transfer to third countries

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Amendment 138

Article 42 - Transfers by way of appropriate safeguards
  • 1. Where the Commission has taken no decision pursuant to Article 41, or if it finds that a third country, a region or a data processing sector in a third country, or an international organisation, does not offer a sufficient level of data protection, a controller or processor may transfer personal data to a third country or an international organisation only if the controller or processor has adduced appropriate safeguards with respect to the protection of personal data in a legally binding instrument, and where appropriate pursuant to an impact assessment, where the controller or processor has ensured that the recipient of data in a third country maintains high standards of data protection.

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Complaints

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Amendment 170

Article 74
  • 3. Independently of a data subject's complaint, any body, organisation or association referred to in paragraph 2 shall have the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority in any Member State, if it considers that a personal data breach has occurred.

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Amendment 172

Article 74 - Right to a judicial remedy against a supervisory authority
  • 4. A data subject which is concerned by a decision of a supervisory authority in another Member State than where the data subject has its habitual residence, may request the supervisory authority of the Member State where it has its habitual residence to bring proceedings on its behalf against the competent supervisory authority in the other Member State.

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Amendment 174

Article 76 - Common rules for court proceedings
  • 1. Any body, organisation or association referred to in Article 73(2) shall have the right to exercise the rights referred to in Articles 74 and 75 on behalf of one or more data subjects.

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Sanctions

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Amendment 176

Article 79 - Administrative sanctions
  • 1. Each The supervisory authority competent under Article 51(2) shall be empowered to impose administrative sanctions in accordance with this Article.

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Amendment 178

Article 79 - Administrative sanctions
  • 2a. The supervisory authority may give a written warning without imposing a sanction. The supervisory authority may impose a fine of up to EUR 1 000 000 for repeated, deliberate breaches or, in the case of a company, of up to 2 % of its annual worldwide turnover.

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Amendment 180

Article 79 - Administrative sanctions
  • 4. The supervisory authority shall impose a fine up to 250 000 EUR, or in case of an enterprise up to 0,5 % of its annual worldwide turnover, to anyone who, intentionally or negligently:
    • (a) does not provide the mechanisms for requests by data subjects or does not respond promptly or not in the required format to data subjects pursuant to Articles 12(1) and (2);
    • (b) charges a fee for the information or for responses to the requests of data subjects in violation of Article 12(4).
  • 5. The supervisory authority shall impose a fine up to 500 000 EUR, or in case of an enterprise up to 1 % of its annual worldwide turnover, to anyone who, intentionally or negligently:
    • (a) does not provide the information, or does provide incomplete information, or does not provide the information in a sufficiently transparent manner, to the data subject pursuant to Article 11, Article 12(3) and Article 14;
    • (b) does not provide access for the data subject or does not rectify personal data pursuant to Articles 15 and 16 or does not communicate the relevant information to a recipient pursuant to Article 13;
    • (c) does not comply with the right to be forgotten or to erasure, or fails to put mechanisms in place to ensure that the time limits are observed or does not take all necessary steps to inform third parties that a data subjects requests to erase any links to, or copy or replication of the personal data pursuant Article 17;
    • (d) does not provide a copy of the personal data in electronic format or hinders the data subject to transmit the personal data to another application in violation of Article 18;
    • (e) does not or not sufficiently determine the respective responsibilities with co-controllers pursuant to Article 24;
    • (f) does not or not sufficiently maintain the documentation pursuant to Article 28, Article 31(4), and Article 44(3);
    • (g) does not comply, in cases where special categories of data are not involved, pursuant to Articles 80, 82 and 83 with rules in relation to freedom of expression or with rules on the processing in the employment context or with the conditions for processing for historical, statistical and scientific research purposes.
  • 6. The supervisory authority shall impose a fine up to 1 000 000 EUR or, in case of an enterprise up to 2 % of its annual worldwide turnover, to anyone who, intentionally or negligently:
    • (a) processes personal data without any or sufficient legal basis for the processing or does not comply with the conditions for consent pursuant to Articles 6, 7 and 8;
    • (b) processes special categories of data in violation of Articles 9 and 81;
    • (c) does not comply with an objection or the requirement pursuant to Article 19;
    • (d) does not comply with the conditions in relation to measures based on profiling pursuant to Article 20;
    • (e) does not adopt internal policies or does not implement appropriate measures for ensuring and demonstrating compliance pursuant to Articles 22, 23 and 30;
    • (f) does not designate a representative pursuant to Article 25;
    • (g) processes or instructs the processing of personal data in violation of the obligations in relation to processing on behalf of a controller pursuant to Articles 26 and 27;
    • (h) does not alert on or notify a personal data breach or does not timely or completely notify the data breach to the supervisory authority or to the data subject pursuant to Articles 31 and 32;
    • (i) does not carry out a data protection impact assessment pursuant or processes personal data without prior authorisation or prior consultation of the supervisory authority pursuant to Articles 33 and 34;
    • (j) does not designate a data protection officer or does not ensure the conditions for fulfilling the tasks pursuant to Articles 35, 36 and 37;
    • (k) misuses a data protection seal or mark in the meaning of Article 39;
    • (l) carries out or instructs a data transfer to a third country or an international organisation that is not allowed by an adequacy decision or by appropriate safeguards or by a derogation pursuant to Articles 40 to 44;
    • (m) does not comply with an order or a temporary or definite ban on processing or the suspension of data flows by the supervisory authority pursuant to Article 53(1);
    • (n) does not comply with the obligations to assist or respond or provide relevant information to, or access to premises by, the supervisory authority pursuant to Article 28(3), Article 29, Article 34(6) and Article 53(2);
    • (o) does not comply with the rules for safeguarding professional secrecy pursuant to Article 84.

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